# Latest **URL:** https://virological.org/latest.md [Latest](https://virological.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://virological.org/categories.md) --- ## [Policy and guidelines on the use of generative AI models in posts on Virological.org](https://virological.org/t/policy-and-guidelines-on-the-use-of-generative-ai-models-in-posts-on-virological-org/1049)
**Author:** [@arambaut](https://virological.org/u/arambaut)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 12, 2026, 4:34pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/policy-and-guidelines-on-the-use-of-generative-ai-models-in-posts-on-virological-org/1049 "2026-10-12T16:34:18Z")
Policy and guidelines on the use of generative AI models in posts on Virological.org Version 1, October 7, 2026 Generative AI tools can be genuinely useful in scientific writing — helping to tidy up prose, debug code, o… --- ## [Genomic characterization of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterization-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1052)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 5, 2026, 11:13am UTC](https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterization-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1052 "2026-11-05T11:13:20Z")
Genomic characterization of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Prepared by Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Tania Bishola Tshitenge, Dav M Ebengo, and Edd… --- ## [Reproduction number of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak over time: phylodynamic estimates from genomes collected up to 6 September 2026](https://virological.org/t/reproduction-number-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-over-time-phylodynamic-estimates-from-genomes-collected-up-to-6-september-2026/1047)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [October 25, 2026, 3:37pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/reproduction-number-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-over-time-phylodynamic-estimates-from-genomes-collected-up-to-6-september-2026/1047 "2026-10-25T15:37:54Z")
This post adheres to Virological.org’s policy and guidelines on the use of generative AI models. Summary Using the phylodynamic program Delphy, we estimated the reproduction number of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus diseas… --- ## [Preliminary report on H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Utah mink, August 2026](https://virological.org/t/preliminary-report-on-h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-in-utah-mink-august-2026/1050)
**Author:** [@Martha\_NIH](https://virological.org/u/Martha_NIH)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 22, 2026, 6:20pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/preliminary-report-on-h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-in-utah-mink-august-2026/1050 "2026-10-22T18:20:10Z")
Alvin Crespo-Bellido1, Jennifer L. Havens1, Thomas P. Peacock2,3, Florence Débarre4, Martha I. Nelson1 1 Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 2 … --- ## [Temporal and Phylodynamic analyses of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://virological.org/t/temporal-and-phylodynamic-analyses-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1048)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 12, 2026, 1:04pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/temporal-and-phylodynamic-analyses-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1048 "2026-10-12T13:04:59Z")
Temporal and Phylodynamic analyses of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa – DRC and partners Context On 15 May 2… --- ## [Phylodynamics and evolution of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus circulating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Insights from a 100‑day window of genomic sequencing](https://virological.org/t/phylodynamics-and-evolution-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-circulating-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-insights-from-a-100-day-window-of-genomic-sequencing/1046)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 27, 2026, 2:29pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/phylodynamics-and-evolution-of-the-2026-bundibugyo-virus-circulating-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-insights-from-a-100-day-window-of-genomic-sequencing/1046 "2026-08-27T14:29:13Z")
Background Following up on our previous post, we are continuing to sequence Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) genomes and performing phylodynamic analyses to understand how the current outbreak started and is unfolding. Laborator… --- ## [Genomic epidemiology of the ongoing 2026 Bundibugyo Virus Disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://virological.org/t/genomic-epidemiology-of-the-ongoing-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1045)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 16, 2026, 10:39am UTC](https://virological.org/t/genomic-epidemiology-of-the-ongoing-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/1045 "2026-07-16T10:39:13Z")
Genomic epidemiology of the ongoing 2026 Bundibugyo Virus Disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa – DRC and partners Context On 15 May 2026, t… --- ## [Molecular evolutionary analysis of the current Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in DRC and Uganda](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-current-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-drc-and-uganda/1042)
**Author:** [@mahan.ghafari](https://virological.org/u/mahan.ghafari)\ **Replies:** 7\ **Last updated:** [July 13, 2026, 2:07pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-current-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-drc-and-uganda/1042 "2026-07-13T14:07:25Z")
Authors: Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg and Mahan Ghafari Note on data use This is an informal analysis and is not intended as a formal preprint or manuscript in its current form. The aim of this post is to provide a preliminary… --- ## [Initial genomes from May 2026 Bundibugyo Virus Disease Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda](https://virological.org/t/initial-genomes-from-may-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-uganda/1032)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [May 28, 2026, 9:07pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/initial-genomes-from-may-2026-bundibugyo-virus-disease-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-uganda/1032 "2026-05-28T21:07:34Z")
Initial genomes from May 2026 Bundibugyo Virus Disease Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, reveal a new spillover event Context On 15 May 2026, the Ministry of Public Health, Hygiene and Social W… --- ## [Timely H5N1 sequence data now provided by many – but not all – countries](https://virological.org/t/timely-h5n1-sequence-data-now-provided-by-many-but-not-all-countries/1041)
**Author:** [@spotto](https://virological.org/u/spotto)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 29, 2026, 11:55pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/timely-h5n1-sequence-data-now-provided-by-many-but-not-all-countries/1041 "2026-05-29T23:55:39Z")
Sarah Otto\* \* Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. E-mail: otto@zoology.ubc.ca A year ago, we raised concerns about the lengthy delays1 … --- ## [Genomic Characterization of Dengue virus 1 detected in Cabo Verde, 2024](https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterization-of-dengue-virus-1-detected-in-cabo-verde-2024/1040)
**Author:** [@nativemechanic](https://virological.org/u/nativemechanic)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 6:14pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterization-of-dengue-virus-1-detected-in-cabo-verde-2024/1040 "2026-05-26T18:14:19Z")
Genomic Characterization of Dengue virus 1 detected in Cabo Verde, 2024 Isaias Varela1, Kevin Carvalho1, Djelissa de Pina1, Menilita Barbosa2, Leidiza Tavares2, Valdir Furtado2, Adelina Dias2, Moussa Moïse Diagne3, Idri… --- ## [Molecular evolutionary analysis of the lineages leading to the current MV Hondius Andes virus outbreak](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-lineages-leading-to-the-current-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1038)
**Author:** [@mahan.ghafari](https://virological.org/u/mahan.ghafari)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 5:33pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-lineages-leading-to-the-current-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1038 "2026-05-26T17:33:15Z")
Note on data use This is an informal analysis and is not intended as a formal preprint or manuscript in its current form. This post focuses on the deeper evolutionary history of the lineage leading to the current MV Hond… --- ## [Potential geographical and ecological origin of the MV Hondius Andes virus outbreak](https://virological.org/t/potential-geographical-and-ecological-origin-of-the-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1039)
**Author:** [@Lissette-uz](https://virological.org/u/Lissette-uz)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 23, 2026, 2:00am UTC](https://virological.org/t/potential-geographical-and-ecological-origin-of-the-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1039 "2026-05-23T02:00:32Z")
The recent outbreak aboard the MV Hondius caused by Andes virus raises two key questions \[1\]: (i) where do the outbreak genomes cluster geographically, and (ii) how can the phylogenetic signal be reconciled with the docu… --- ## [Molecular evolutionary analysis of the current MV Hondius Andes virus outbreak](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-current-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1037)
**Author:** [@mahan.ghafari](https://virological.org/u/mahan.ghafari)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 21, 2026, 3:05pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/molecular-evolutionary-analysis-of-the-current-mv-hondius-andes-virus-outbreak/1037 "2026-05-21T15:05:29Z")
Preliminary reconstruction of the current MV Hondius Andes virus outbreak sequences Note on data use This is an informal analysis of currently available consensus sequences and is not intended as a formal preprint or man… --- ## [Primer erosion analysis for two Andes virus Real time RT-PCR systems](https://virological.org/t/primer-erosion-analysis-for-two-andes-virus-real-time-rt-pcr-systems/1036)
**Author:** [@nativemechanic](https://virological.org/u/nativemechanic)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 20, 2026, 7:29pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/primer-erosion-analysis-for-two-andes-virus-real-time-rt-pcr-systems/1036 "2026-05-20T19:29:54Z")
Primer erosion analysis for two Andes virus Real time RT-PCR systems Manfred Weidmann 1,2, Nicole Tischler3, Frank T. Hufert1, Idrissa Dieng4 1 Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Institute of Microbiology and … --- ## [Complete sequence of Orthohantavirus andesense virus: Swiss resident 2026](https://virological.org/t/complete-sequence-of-orthohantavirus-andesense-virus-swiss-resident-2026/1023)
**Author:** [@Laubscher](https://virological.org/u/Laubscher)\ **Replies:** 17\ **Last updated:** [May 13, 2026, 12:49am UTC](https://virological.org/t/complete-sequence-of-orthohantavirus-andesense-virus-swiss-resident-2026/1023 "2026-05-13T00:49:26Z")
Posted on behalf of the Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Geneva University Hospitals and the Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (Partner Laboratory National Reference Center… --- ## [Experimental embedded trees for ANDV](https://virological.org/t/experimental-embedded-trees-for-andv/1028)
**Author:** [@arambaut](https://virological.org/u/arambaut)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [May 11, 2026, 7:06am UTC](https://virological.org/t/experimental-embedded-trees-for-andv/1028 "2026-05-11T07:06:45Z")
These are three embedded PearTree instances showing a tree of complete or near-complete S, M and L segment sequences from Genbank (prefixed by accession number) plus the Hondius outbreak sequence posted by the Swiss Nati… --- ## [Preliminary analysis of Orthohantavirus andesense virus sequences from a cruise-ship related cluster, May 2026](https://virological.org/t/preliminary-analysis-of-orthohantavirus-andesense-virus-sequences-from-a-cruise-ship-related-cluster-may-2026/1029)
**Author:** [@gustavo\_palacios](https://virological.org/u/gustavo_palacios)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 10, 2026, 9:18pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/preliminary-analysis-of-orthohantavirus-andesense-virus-sequences-from-a-cruise-ship-related-cluster-may-2026/1029 "2026-05-10T21:18:47Z")
Preliminary analysis of Orthohantavirus andesense virus sequences from a cruise-ship related cluster, May 2026. In May 2026, an Andes virus (ANDV) outbreak occurred aboard the Dutch-flagged cruise ship MV Hondius. The s… --- ## [Pathoplexus now supports the Andes variant of Hantavirus (ANDV)](https://virological.org/t/pathoplexus-now-supports-the-andes-variant-of-hantavirus-andv/1027)
**Author:** [@emmahodcroft](https://virological.org/u/emmahodcroft)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 10, 2026, 11:37am UTC](https://virological.org/t/pathoplexus-now-supports-the-andes-variant-of-hantavirus-andv/1027 "2026-05-10T11:37:55Z")
Pathoplexus now supports the Andes variant of Hantavirus (ANDV) - the variant identified in the recent MV Hondius cases: https://pathoplexus.org/andv The current dataset reflects all data available on INSDC (Genbank/ENA… --- ## [Corrected Genome Sequence for Monkeypox Virus Strain Zaire-96-I-16](https://virological.org/t/corrected-genome-sequence-for-monkeypox-virus-strain-zaire-96-i-16/1021)
**Author:** [@cgigante](https://virological.org/u/cgigante)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [January 26, 2026, 2:17pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/corrected-genome-sequence-for-monkeypox-virus-strain-zaire-96-i-16/1021 "2026-01-26T14:17:14Z")
Authors: Crystal M. Gigante, Jiusheng Deng, Hui Zhao, Victoria A. Olson, Todd G. Smith, Yu Li Affiliation: Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease C… --- ## [Identification of a new Mpox virus lineage during the first occurrence of Mpox in Togo](https://virological.org/t/identification-of-a-new-mpox-virus-lineage-during-the-first-occurrence-of-mpox-in-togo/1022)
**Author:** [@Esther](https://virological.org/u/Esther)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 25, 2026, 9:51pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/identification-of-a-new-mpox-virus-lineage-during-the-first-occurrence-of-mpox-in-togo/1022 "2026-01-25T21:51:42Z")
Mpox Togo.pdf (819.7 KB) --- ## [NIH postdoc in virus evolution and spillover (new)](https://virological.org/t/nih-postdoc-in-virus-evolution-and-spillover-new/1019)
**Author:** [@Martha\_NIH](https://virological.org/u/Martha_NIH)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 17, 2025, 4:13pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/nih-postdoc-in-virus-evolution-and-spillover-new/1019 "2025-12-17T16:13:22Z")
National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Division of Intramural Research Computational Biology Branch Bethesda, MD Supervisor: Martha Nelson Apply: https://www.training.nih.gov/jobs/pdf-ves-063026… --- ## [Genomic Evidence Links the Largest Dengue Outbreak in Senegal to Newly Circulating DENV-2 Lineage](https://virological.org/t/genomic-evidence-links-the-largest-dengue-outbreak-in-senegal-to-newly-circulating-denv-2-lineage/1018)
**Author:** [@nativemechanic](https://virological.org/u/nativemechanic)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 17, 2025, 12:59am UTC](https://virological.org/t/genomic-evidence-links-the-largest-dengue-outbreak-in-senegal-to-newly-circulating-denv-2-lineage/1018 "2025-12-17T00:59:49Z")
Genomic Evidence Links the Largest Dengue Outbreak in Senegal to Newly Circulating DENV-2 Lineage Idrissa DIENG1,2\*, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione1\*, Mignane Ndiaye1,Bocar Sow3, Samba Niang Sagne3, Cheikh Talibouya To… --- ## [Inter-Clade Recombinant Mpox Virus Detected in England in a Traveller Recently Returned from Asia](https://virological.org/t/inter-clade-recombinant-mpox-virus-detected-in-england-in-a-traveller-recently-returned-from-asia/1015)
**Author:** [@arambaut](https://virological.org/u/arambaut)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [December 8, 2025, 1:35pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/inter-clade-recombinant-mpox-virus-detected-in-england-in-a-traveller-recently-returned-from-asia/1015 "2025-12-08T13:35:13Z")
Inter-Clade Recombinant Mpox Virus Detected in England in a Traveller Recently Returned from Asia Authors: Steven T. Pullan1, Isobel Everall1, Rebecca Doherty1, Lucy Crossman1, Emma Wise1, Hassan Hartman1, Natalie Grov… --- ## [Molecular characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from the 2025 outbreak in northern Senegal](https://virological.org/t/molecular-characterization-of-rift-valley-fever-virus-from-the-2025-outbreak-in-northern-senegal/1006)
**Author:** [@mmdiagne](https://virological.org/u/mmdiagne)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 8, 2025, 7:51pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/molecular-characterization-of-rift-valley-fever-virus-from-the-2025-outbreak-in-northern-senegal/1006 "2025-10-08T19:51:52Z")
Molecular characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from the 2025 outbreak in northern Senegal. Authors: Moussa Moïse Diagne¹\*, Gamou Fall¹\*, Abiboulaye Sall², Bocar Sow³,⁴, Ndeye Awa Ndiaye¹, Alioune Gaye⁵, Mamadou S… --- ## [On the rooting of the Ebola virus phylogeny and its consequences for understanding the diversity in the reservoir](https://virological.org/t/on-the-rooting-of-the-ebola-virus-phylogeny-and-its-consequences-for-understanding-the-diversity-in-the-reservoir/1005)
**Author:** [@arambaut](https://virological.org/u/arambaut)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 8, 2025, 9:09pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/on-the-rooting-of-the-ebola-virus-phylogeny-and-its-consequences-for-understanding-the-diversity-in-the-reservoir/1005 "2025-09-08T21:09:40Z")
Note: This post is part of ongoing work and will be included in a forthcoming publication about the evolutionary processes of Ebola virus in reservoir hosts. We discuss this here because we believe it may be relevant to… --- ## [The 16th Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Bulape Health Zone, Kasai, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A new spillover event from an unknown reservoir host](https://virological.org/t/the-16th-ebola-virus-disease-outbreak-in-bulape-health-zone-kasai-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-a-new-spillover-event-from-an-unknown-reservoir-host/1003)
**Author:** [@mbalaplacide](https://virological.org/u/mbalaplacide)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 4, 2025, 8:28pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/the-16th-ebola-virus-disease-outbreak-in-bulape-health-zone-kasai-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-a-new-spillover-event-from-an-unknown-reservoir-host/1003 "2025-09-04T20:28:13Z")
Background The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is currently facing concurrent outbreaks including mpox, cholera and malaria (1-4). The Ministry of Public Health, DRC has declared the 16th Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)… --- ## [Phylogenetic analysis of initial genomes from Kasai EBOV outbreak, 8 September 2025](https://virological.org/t/phylogenetic-analysis-of-initial-genomes-from-kasai-ebov-outbreak-8-september-2025/1004)
**Author:** [@arambaut](https://virological.org/u/arambaut)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 8, 2025, 2:54pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/phylogenetic-analysis-of-initial-genomes-from-kasai-ebov-outbreak-8-september-2025/1004 "2025-09-08T14:54:05Z")
On September 4, 2025, the DRC Ministry of Health officially declared the 16th EVD outbreak in DRC. This new outbreak is described as a new spillover (see earlier post) and to date (September 7, 2025), 14 deaths have been… --- ## [Detection of Mpox virus clade IIb from whole genome sequencing in Guinea, June 2025](https://virological.org/t/detection-of-mpox-virus-clade-iib-from-whole-genome-sequencing-in-guinea-june-2025/1001)
**Author:** [@Alpha-Kabinet](https://virological.org/u/Alpha-Kabinet)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 10, 2025, 7:43pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/detection-of-mpox-virus-clade-iib-from-whole-genome-sequencing-in-guinea-june-2025/1001 "2025-08-10T19:43:35Z")
Mpox\_A2.PDF (423.7 KB) On 13 June 2025, CERFIG (Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée confirmed Mpox infection in a 53‑year‑old patient attending the Dermatology Department of CHU Donka, Conakry… --- ## [SARS-CoV-2 Spike displays multiple adaptive changes in addition to the furin cleavage site](https://virological.org/t/sars-cov-2-spike-displays-multiple-adaptive-changes-in-addition-to-the-furin-cleavage-site/993)
**Author:** [@rfgarry](https://virological.org/u/rfgarry)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [July 18, 2025, 7:50pm UTC](https://virological.org/t/sars-cov-2-spike-displays-multiple-adaptive-changes-in-addition-to-the-furin-cleavage-site/993 "2025-07-18T19:50:03Z")
SARS-CoV-2 Spike displays multiple adaptive changes in addition to the furin cleavage site. Robert F. Garry1-3 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orlea… [Next page](https://virological.org/latest.md?page=1)